UK Tribunal Rules Anti-Zionism is Protected Philosophical Belief

The Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT) upheld a ruling on August 4, 2026, determining that David Miller, a former professor of political sociology, was unlawfully dismissed by the University of Bristol. The tribunal confirmed that Miller's specific beliefs—that political Zionism is inherently racist, imperialistic, and colonial—constitute a protected philosophical belief under the Equality Act 2010.

The court rejected the university's appeal, finding that the October 2021 firing for gross misconduct and the refusal of Miller's internal appeal were acts of direct discrimination. While the EAT acknowledged that the university had legitimate aims to protect its reputation and students, it ruled that summary dismissal was a disproportionate response because Miller's comments did not incite violence or constitute antisemitism.

However, the tribunal found that some of Miller's conduct toward Jewish students was blameworthy and constituted a contributory fault. Because these specific comments were not considered a manifestation of his protected beliefs, the court ordered that his compensation be reduced by 50%.

Miller described the judgment as a victory for the anti-Zionist movement that sets a binding legal precedent for employees across the UK. The University of Bristol expressed disappointment with the findings but stated its continued commitment to freedom of speech and expression.