Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey Sign Mutual Defense Pact

The governments of Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey signed the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The pact establishes a formal mutual defense alliance between the three nations, creating a collective security framework to protect against external aggression.

Under the terms of the agreement, the signatories declared that an attack on any one of the three member nations will be considered an attack on all three. This commitment effectively binds the military responses of the three countries, ensuring that a security breach for one triggers a combined reaction from the alliance.

The agreement was formalized in September 2025. The pact emerges amid a volatile regional security environment, coinciding with reported maritime conflicts in the Strait of Hormuz, where 15 Abu Dhabi National Oil Company vessels were attacked by missiles and drones during an ongoing conflict with Iran. This regional instability reinforces the strategic implications of the treaty as these three powers seek to stabilize their shared security interests.