Makkah Alliance Deploys Forces to Defend Saudi Arabia

The Makkah Alliance, a trilateral defense pact between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Türkiye, is transitioning from a political declaration to active military implementation. On October 5, the alliance's Strategic Political and Defence Committee met in Riyadh and authorized the rapid deployment of military forces and capabilities within Saudi Arabia to bolster collective defense.

This deployment follows a surge in Houthi missile and drone attacks targeting Saudi energy facilities, airports—including King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh and Abha International Airport—and holy cities. While Saudi Arabia seeks broader deterrence, Pakistan and Türkiye have specified that the alliance remains strictly defensive, focusing on reconnaissance, intelligence sharing, and technical support rather than combat operations inside Yemen.

The alliance has appointed retired Lt Gen Nauman Mahmood as its first secretary general. Despite the deployment order, the pact currently lacks a published military doctrine, a standing assigned force, and a joint command structure.