Trump Orders Navy to Replace Electromagnetic Launchers with Steam

President Donald Trump signed a national security memorandum on August 13 directing the U.S. Navy to replace the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) and electromagnetic weapons elevators with traditional steam and hydraulic systems. The mandate specifically targets the USS Doris Miller and all subsequent Gerald R. Ford-class carriers, though the first three ships in the class will retain their current systems. Trump characterized the electromagnetic technology as too complex and lacking the power of steam, suggesting such issues could be fixed with "a hammer and a blowtorch."

Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth must develop an implementation plan within 60 days. The directive is part of a broader effort to revitalize U.S. shipbuilding, which includes establishing a fifth public Navy shipyard and adopting a "Finland Model." This model allows qualifying foreign shipbuilders to construct up to two vessels in their home yards provided they invest in American shipyards, hire domestic workers, and transfer proprietary techniques.

Industry and political critics have warned of severe consequences. General Atomics, the EMALS manufacturer, stated that changing course on the USS Doris Miller—which is already halfway complete—introduces significant cost, schedule, and integration risks. Senator Mark Kelly, a former Navy test pilot and aeronautical engineer, criticized the move as improper engineering interference. Experts note the transition could cost billions of dollars and exacerbate a shortage of 20,000 sailors, as steam systems require more personnel to operate than electromagnetic ones. Additionally, some analysts warn the U.S. lacks the current infrastructure to produce steam catapults, as none have been manufactured since 2009.