Trump Signs One Big Beautiful Bill Act into Law

President Donald Trump signed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act into law on July 4, 2025, during a White House ceremony featuring military flyovers. The legislation provides approximately $4.5 trillion in tax cuts, making the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act permanent and introducing temporary deductions for tips, overtime pay, and Social Security benefits for seniors. It also allocates $350 billion for national security, including the Golden Dome missile defense system and mass deportation efforts, while raising the federal debt ceiling by $5 trillion.

To offset these costs, the law implements roughly $1.2 trillion in spending cuts, primarily targeting Medicaid and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). The bill introduces strict 80-hour monthly work requirements for able-bodied adults and shifts a portion of SNAP costs to state governments. The Congressional Budget Office estimates these measures could leave between 11.8 million and 17 million people without health insurance and reduce SNAP participation by 3 million people over the next decade.

The bill passed the Senate 51-50 after Vice President JD Vance cast a tie-breaking vote, following concessions for rural hospitals and Alaska-specific interests. It then passed the House of Representatives in a 218-214 vote after Trump and Speaker Mike Johnson pressured GOP holdouts. House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries led the opposition, delivering a record-breaking floor speech of over eight hours to protest the cuts to social safety nets. The legislation also rolls back clean energy subsidies and terminates electric vehicle tax credits, a move that sparked a public feud between Trump and Elon Musk.